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Using Operators
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Using Operators
Multiple search terms can be combined in different ways using the operators and moderators AND, OR, NOT. Using these words makes your search results more specific. Note: multiple words are treated as a phrase unless separated by a comma.
| Search term |
Search results (items including the following terms and combinations) |
| Cat AND dog |
Both cat and dog |
| “Cat and dog” |
The phrase cat and dog |
| Cat “and” dog |
The phrase cat and dog |
| Cat OR (dog AND fish) |
Cat, or the combination of dog and fish |
| Cat OR dog AND fish |
Cat, or the combination of dog and fish |
| (Cat OR dog) AND fish |
Either cat or dog, and fish |
| Cat OR dog NOT fish |
Either cat or dog, but not fish |
| Java AND programming NOT coffee |
Documents that contain Java and programming, but not coffee |
| AND (cat, dog) |
Any combination of cat and dog together |
To search for numbers or years, you can also use the following modifiers, but you MUST enclose the phrase in quotes:
| Operator |
Description |
| = |
Equal |
| != |
Not equal |
| > |
Greater than |
| >= |
Greater than or equal to |
| < |
Less than |
| <= |
Less than or equal to |
| Search term |
Search results (items including the following terms and combinations) |
| 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 |
values 1999 through 2002 |
| ">=1999", "<=2002" |
values 1999 through 2002 |
| ">=1999", "<=2002", "!=2000" |
values 1999 through 2002 BUT NOT 2000 |
Using Wildcards
Wildcards can also be used to yield more specific search results. These wildcards are especially useful when you are unsure of spelling or when you are searching for multiple words that are related in spelling.
Wildcard |
Description |
Search term |
Search results (items including the following terms and combinations) |
? |
Matches any single alphanumeric character |
Apple? |
Apples or applet |
* |
Matches zero or more alphanumeric characters. Avoid using the asterisk as the first character in a search string. |
App*ed |
Appleseed, applied, appropriated, etc. |
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Reviewed 20 Oct 2008 |
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